See punctus on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "punctus",
"t": "punctuation mark"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin punctus (“punctuation mark”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Medieval Latin punctus (“punctuation mark”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "punctus",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Palaeography",
"orig": "en:Palaeography",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Punctuation marks",
"orig": "en:Punctuation marks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 17 3 2 3 11 11 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 20 2 2 2 14 14 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
65
],
[
74,
81
],
[
95,
102
]
],
"ref": "1993, Malcolm Beckwith Parkes, Pause and Effect, Plates and Commentaries, page 197:",
"text": "In the sacerdotal prayers in col. a the punctuation is by punctus flexus, punctus elevatus and punctus.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
51
]
],
"ref": "2011 July 22, Tadao Kudouchi, edited by Akio Oizumi and Jacek Fisiak, English Historical Linguistics and Philology in Japan, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 172:",
"text": "The most common item of punctuation was the punctus or point.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
22
],
[
58,
65
]
],
"ref": "2015 August 31, “Medieval Manuscripts”, in Albrecht Classen, editor, Handbook of Medieval Culture, volume 2, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1015:",
"text": "Curiously, the punctus versus was largely replaced with a punctus by ca.1100.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The basic dot (‧) used to end a sentence in medieval punctuation (ancestral to the full stop/period)."
],
"id": "en-punctus-en-noun-KOXGiryo",
"links": [
[
"palaeography",
"palaeography"
],
[
"basic",
"basic"
],
[
"dot",
"dot"
],
[
"end",
"end"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"punctuation",
"punctuation"
],
[
"ancestral",
"ancestral"
],
[
"full stop",
"full stop"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(palaeography) The basic dot (‧) used to end a sentence in medieval punctuation (ancestral to the full stop/period)."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "punctus circumflexus"
},
{
"word": "punctus elevatus"
},
{
"word": "punctus flexus"
},
{
"word": "punctus interrogativus"
},
{
"word": "punctus percontativus"
},
{
"word": "punctus versus"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"epigraphy",
"geography",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"natural-sciences",
"palaeography",
"paleogeography",
"paleography",
"paleontology",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌŋktəs/"
}
],
"word": "punctus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "interpūnctus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pūnctillum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pūnctiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pūnctulum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pūnctum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pungō<id:prick>",
"id": "pricked"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perfect passive participle of pungō (“to prick, puncture, punch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctim",
"links": [
[
"pūnctim",
"punctim"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctus",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctae",
"links": [
[
"pūnctae",
"punctae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctae",
"links": [
[
"pūnctae",
"punctae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōrum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctōrum",
"punctorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctārum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctārum",
"punctarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōrum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctōrum",
"punctorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctae",
"links": [
[
"pūnctae",
"punctae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctīs",
"punctis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctam",
"links": [
[
"pūnctam",
"punctam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctōs",
"punctos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctās",
"links": [
[
"pūnctās",
"punctas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctā",
"links": [
[
"pūnctā",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctīs",
"punctis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncte",
"links": [
[
"pūncte",
"puncte#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctae",
"links": [
[
"pūnctae",
"punctae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus",
"adv": "pūnctim"
},
"expansion": "pūnctus (feminine pūncta, neuter pūnctum, adverb pūnctim); first/second-declension participle",
"name": "la-part"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to prick, puncture, punch",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pricked, punctured, pierced, having been pricked."
],
"id": "en-punctus-la-verb-iMFVUnE-",
"links": [
[
"pricked",
"pricked"
],
[
"punctured",
"punctured"
],
[
"pierced",
"pierced"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to prick, puncture, punch",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marked with points; stippled."
],
"id": "en-punctus-la-verb-e~9Jc~m2",
"links": [
[
"marked",
"marked"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"stippled",
"stippled"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to prick, puncture, punch",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stung, bitten, pinched, having been affected sensibly."
],
"id": "en-punctus-la-verb-8mnv3tqR",
"links": [
[
"stung",
"stung"
],
[
"bitten",
"bitten"
],
[
"pinched",
"pinched"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to prick, puncture, punch",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vexed, annoyed, grieved, troubled, disturbed, having been vexed or annoyed."
],
"id": "en-punctus-la-verb-9rSLmmYi",
"links": [
[
"vexed",
"vexed"
],
[
"annoyed",
"annoyed"
],
[
"grieved",
"grieved"
],
[
"troubled",
"troubled"
],
[
"disturbed",
"disturbed"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuːŋk.tʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuŋk.tus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "punctus"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pungō<id:prick>",
"id": "pricked"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perfect passive participle of pungō (“to prick, puncture, punch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctus",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōrum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctōrum",
"punctorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctīs",
"punctis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctōs",
"punctos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctīs",
"punctis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncte",
"links": [
[
"pūncte",
"puncte#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pūnctus m (genitive pūnctī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "la:Mathematics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 5 3 4 16 16 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 5 9 11 15 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 13 15 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 7 3 4 12 12 13 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"point"
],
"id": "en-punctus-la-noun-JR~s1ZLl",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin, New Latin; also mathematics) point"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "pūnctum"
}
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"New-Latin",
"also",
"declension-2"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuːŋk.tʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuŋk.tus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "punctus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punctus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pungō",
"3": "-tus",
"id2": "action noun"
},
"expansion": "pungō + -tus",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pungō + -tus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctūs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctūs",
"punctus"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctus",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctūs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctūs",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctūs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctūs",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctuum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctuum",
"punctuum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctuī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctuī",
"punctui#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctibus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctibus",
"punctibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctūs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctūs",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctū",
"links": [
[
"pūnctū",
"punctu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctibus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctibus",
"punctibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctus",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctūs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctūs",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus<4>"
},
"expansion": "pūnctus m (genitive pūnctūs); fourth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus<4>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "punctim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "punctiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "punctiuncula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "punctūra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a pricking, stinging, puncture"
],
"id": "en-punctus-la-noun-la:tu_stem",
"links": [
[
"pricking",
"pricking"
],
[
"stinging",
"stinging"
],
[
"puncture",
"puncture"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:tu-stem"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1",
"sense": "a pricking",
"word": "pūnctiō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2.68, Jean Hardouin, editor, Caii Plinii Secundi historiae naturalis libri XXXVII […], volume 1, published 1741, Paris, p. 107",
"text": "Hae tot portiones terrae, immo vero, ut plures tradidere, ¹⁵mundi punctus: ( neque enim aliud est terra in universo: )\nNotae. … 15. Mundi punctus.] Acutum illud est Senecae dictum, lib. I. Natur. quaest. in prooem. pag. 831. Hoc est illud punctum, quod inter tot gentes ferro & igni dividitur. O quam ridiculi sunt mortalium termini, &c."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a point"
],
"id": "en-punctus-la-noun-kM7TD6VE",
"links": [
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"qualifier": "dubious",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dubious) a point"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 95 4",
"sense": "a point",
"word": "pūnctum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punctuation mark"
],
"id": "en-punctus-la-noun-nmUILi8Z",
"links": [
[
"punctuation",
"punctuation"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) punctuation mark"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-4"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuːŋk.tʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuŋk.tus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "punctus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "punctus",
"t": "punctuation mark"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin punctus (“punctuation mark”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Medieval Latin punctus (“punctuation mark”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "punctus",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "punctus circumflexus"
},
{
"word": "punctus elevatus"
},
{
"word": "punctus flexus"
},
{
"word": "punctus interrogativus"
},
{
"word": "punctus percontativus"
},
{
"word": "punctus versus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Palaeography",
"en:Punctuation marks"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
65
],
[
74,
81
],
[
95,
102
]
],
"ref": "1993, Malcolm Beckwith Parkes, Pause and Effect, Plates and Commentaries, page 197:",
"text": "In the sacerdotal prayers in col. a the punctuation is by punctus flexus, punctus elevatus and punctus.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
51
]
],
"ref": "2011 July 22, Tadao Kudouchi, edited by Akio Oizumi and Jacek Fisiak, English Historical Linguistics and Philology in Japan, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 172:",
"text": "The most common item of punctuation was the punctus or point.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
22
],
[
58,
65
]
],
"ref": "2015 August 31, “Medieval Manuscripts”, in Albrecht Classen, editor, Handbook of Medieval Culture, volume 2, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1015:",
"text": "Curiously, the punctus versus was largely replaced with a punctus by ca.1100.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The basic dot (‧) used to end a sentence in medieval punctuation (ancestral to the full stop/period)."
],
"links": [
[
"palaeography",
"palaeography"
],
[
"basic",
"basic"
],
[
"dot",
"dot"
],
[
"end",
"end"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"punctuation",
"punctuation"
],
[
"ancestral",
"ancestral"
],
[
"full stop",
"full stop"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(palaeography) The basic dot (‧) used to end a sentence in medieval punctuation (ancestral to the full stop/period)."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"epigraphy",
"geography",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"natural-sciences",
"palaeography",
"paleogeography",
"paleography",
"paleontology",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌŋktəs/"
}
],
"word": "punctus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension participles",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin participles",
"Latin perfect participles",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "interpūnctus"
},
{
"word": "pūnctillum"
},
{
"word": "pūnctiō"
},
{
"word": "pūnctulum"
},
{
"word": "pūnctum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pungō<id:prick>",
"id": "pricked"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perfect passive participle of pungō (“to prick, puncture, punch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctim",
"links": [
[
"pūnctim",
"punctim"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctus",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctae",
"links": [
[
"pūnctae",
"punctae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctae",
"links": [
[
"pūnctae",
"punctae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōrum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctōrum",
"punctorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctārum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctārum",
"punctarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōrum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctōrum",
"punctorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctae",
"links": [
[
"pūnctae",
"punctae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctīs",
"punctis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctam",
"links": [
[
"pūnctam",
"punctam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctōs",
"punctos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctās",
"links": [
[
"pūnctās",
"punctas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctā",
"links": [
[
"pūnctā",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctīs",
"punctis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncte",
"links": [
[
"pūncte",
"puncte#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctae",
"links": [
[
"pūnctae",
"punctae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncta",
"links": [
[
"pūncta",
"puncta#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus",
"adv": "pūnctim"
},
"expansion": "pūnctus (feminine pūncta, neuter pūnctum, adverb pūnctim); first/second-declension participle",
"name": "la-part"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to prick, puncture, punch",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pricked, punctured, pierced, having been pricked."
],
"links": [
[
"pricked",
"pricked"
],
[
"punctured",
"punctured"
],
[
"pierced",
"pierced"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to prick, puncture, punch",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marked with points; stippled."
],
"links": [
[
"marked",
"marked"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"stippled",
"stippled"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to prick, puncture, punch",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stung, bitten, pinched, having been affected sensibly."
],
"links": [
[
"stung",
"stung"
],
[
"bitten",
"bitten"
],
[
"pinched",
"pinched"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to prick, puncture, punch",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vexed, annoyed, grieved, troubled, disturbed, having been vexed or annoyed."
],
"links": [
[
"vexed",
"vexed"
],
[
"annoyed",
"annoyed"
],
[
"grieved",
"grieved"
],
[
"troubled",
"troubled"
],
[
"disturbed",
"disturbed"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuːŋk.tʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuŋk.tus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "punctus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension participles",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin participles",
"Latin perfect participles",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pungō<id:prick>",
"id": "pricked"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perfect passive participle of pungō (“to prick, puncture, punch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctus",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōrum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctōrum",
"punctorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctīs",
"punctis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctōs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctōs",
"punctos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctō",
"links": [
[
"pūnctō",
"puncto#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctīs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctīs",
"punctis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūncte",
"links": [
[
"pūncte",
"puncte#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctī",
"puncti#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pūnctus m (genitive pūnctī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Late Latin",
"New Latin",
"la:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"point"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin, New Latin; also mathematics) point"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "pūnctum"
}
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"New-Latin",
"also",
"declension-2"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuːŋk.tʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuŋk.tus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "punctus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "punctus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pungō",
"3": "-tus",
"id2": "action noun"
},
"expansion": "pungō + -tus",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pungō + -tus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctūs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctūs",
"punctus"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctus",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctūs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctūs",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctūs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctūs",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctuum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctuum",
"punctuum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctuī",
"links": [
[
"pūnctuī",
"punctui#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctibus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctibus",
"punctibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctum",
"links": [
[
"pūnctum",
"punctum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctūs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctūs",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctū",
"links": [
[
"pūnctū",
"punctu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctibus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctibus",
"punctibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctus",
"links": [
[
"pūnctus",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūnctūs",
"links": [
[
"pūnctūs",
"punctus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus<4>"
},
"expansion": "pūnctus m (genitive pūnctūs); fourth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūnctus<4>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "punctim"
},
{
"word": "punctiō"
},
{
"word": "punctiuncula"
},
{
"word": "punctūra"
},
{
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a pricking, stinging, puncture"
],
"links": [
[
"pricking",
"pricking"
],
[
"stinging",
"stinging"
],
[
"puncture",
"puncture"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:tu-stem"
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2.68, Jean Hardouin, editor, Caii Plinii Secundi historiae naturalis libri XXXVII […], volume 1, published 1741, Paris, p. 107",
"text": "Hae tot portiones terrae, immo vero, ut plures tradidere, ¹⁵mundi punctus: ( neque enim aliud est terra in universo: )\nNotae. … 15. Mundi punctus.] Acutum illud est Senecae dictum, lib. I. Natur. quaest. in prooem. pag. 831. Hoc est illud punctum, quod inter tot gentes ferro & igni dividitur. O quam ridiculi sunt mortalium termini, &c."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a point"
],
"links": [
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"qualifier": "dubious",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dubious) a point"
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"punctuation mark"
],
"links": [
[
"punctuation",
"punctuation"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) punctuation mark"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-4"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuːŋk.tʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuŋk.tus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "a pricking",
"word": "pūnctiō"
},
{
"sense": "a point",
"word": "pūnctum"
}
],
"word": "punctus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for punctus meaning in All languages combined (18.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (4d423fd and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.